What is Computer - Basic Information
Here we will talk about what is computer. In simple language, a computer is an electronic device. You might already know this answer. So you must be wondering why today this article about which we already know everything.
I want to tell you some of that in advance, but my objective is that you should be given information about the entire computer and not half of it. I know you know basic computer information. But do you know how it works, who made it before, through which kisses it has passed. How many changes have been seen in the characteristics of computers in so many years.
The computer that we are using today is the result of years of hard work of many scientists behind it. At the same time, with half the incomplete knowledge, you have full knowledge. Today I want to give you the complete information about this machine along with what you call this article, what is the main part of it, what is the full form of the computer and how does it work. Then, let's start the delay and know what a computer is.
What is Computer:-
It has three main functions. The first is to take the data which we also call Input, the second task is to process that data and the other task is to show the processed data which is also called Output.
Who invented computer? The father of the modern computer is called Charles Babbage. Because he designed the first mechanical computer, which is also known as Analytical Engine. In this, data was inserted with the help of Punch Card.
So we can call a computer an advanced electronic device that takes raw data from the user in the form of input, then processes that data through a program (set of Instruction) and finally the result as Output Publishes. It processes both numerical and non numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
What is the full form of computer?
Technically there is no full form of computer. Yet the computer has an imaginary full form,
C - Commonly,
O - Operated,
M - Machine,
P - Particularly,
U - Used for,
T - Technical and
E - Educational,
R - Research
History of Computer - Generation of Computers
It cannot be properly verified that the development of computers has been started since. But officially the development of computers has been classified by generation. They are divided into 5 parts from the main tower.
When it comes to the generation of computer, it means that computer's generations in Hindi. As the computer grows, they are divided into different generations to make it easier to understand them properly.
First Generation of Computer - 1940-1956 "Vacuum Tubes":-
The first generation computers used Vaccum tubes for circuitry and Magnetic Drum for memory. They used to be very big in size. A lot of power was used to run them.
Due to being too big, it also had a lot of heat problem due to which it was also malfunctioned many times. Machine language was used in them. For example, UNIVAC and ENIAC computers.
Second Generation of Computers - 1956-1963 "Transistors":-
In second generation computers, transistors replaced vaccum tubes. Transistors used to take very less space, were smaller, were faster, were cheaper and were more energy efficient. They used to generate less heat than the first generation computers, but still there was a problem of heat in it.
High level programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were used in them.
Third Generation of Computers - 1964-1971 "Integrated Circuits":-
Integrated Circuit was first used in third generation computers. In which the transistors were cut into small silicon chip called Semi Conductor. Due to this, the ability to do computer processing increased to a great extent.
For the first time, monitors, keyboards and operating systems were used to make computers of this generation more user friendly. It was launched in the market for the first time.
Fourth Generation of Computers - 1971-1985 "Microprocessors":-
This is the specialty of the Forth generation that Microprocessor was used in it. With which thousands of Integrated Circuit were embedded in a single silicon chip. This made it very easy to reduce the size of the machine.
The use of microprocessor increased the efficiency of the computer even more. This work was able to do a lot of calculations.
Fifth Generation of Computers - 1985-present "Artificial Intelligence":-
Fifth generation belongs to today's Dor, where Artificial Intelligence has established its dominance. Now, many new technologies like Speech recognition, Parallel Processing, Quantum Calculation are being used in new technology.
This is a generation where due to the computer's artificial intelligence, the ability to make decisions on its own has come. Gradually all its works will be automated.
Who Invented Computer:-
Who is the father of modern computer? Many such people have contributed to this Computing Field. But more of all this is contributed by Charles Babage. Because he was the first Analytical Engine came out in 1837.
The concept of ALU, Basic Flow Control and Integrated Memory was implemented in this engine. Today's computer was designed by basing itself on this model. This is why his contribution is the highest. Then he is also known as the father of the computer.
Definition of computer
There are many components of any modern digital computer but some of them are very important such as Input device, Output Device, CPU (Central Processing Unit), Mass Storage Device and Memory.
How Does The Computer Work:-
Input (Data): Input is the step in which Raw Information is inserted into the computer using Input Device. It can be a letter, picture or even a video.
Process: The data input during the process is processed according to the instruction. This is a completely internal process.
Output: The data that has already been processed during the output is shown in the Result. And if we want, we can also save this result and keep it in memory for future use.
Nominee image of basic computer units
If you have ever looked inside a computer case, then you must have found that there are many small components inside, they look very complicated, but they are not really that complicated. Now, I will give you some information about these components.
Motherboard:-
The main circuit board of any computer is called the motherboard. It looks like a thin plate but it holds many things like CPU, memory, connectors for hard drive and optical drive, to control expansion card video and audio, along with all of the computer Ports connection. If seen, the motherboard is connected directly or in directly with all parts of the computer.
CPU / Processor:-
RAM:-
We also know RAM as Random Acess Memory. This is the short term memeory of the system. Whenever the computer does some calculations, it temporarily saves that result in RAM. If the computer shuts down then this data is also lost. If we are writing a document, then to save it from being destroyed, we should save our data in between. If saved in Data Hard Drive by saving, then it can remain for a long time.
RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM there is, the better for us.
Hard Drive:-
Hard Drive is the component where software, documents and other files are saved. In this, the data stays stored for a long time.
Power Supply Unit:-
The power supply unit's job is to take power from the main power supply and supply it to other components as per the requirement.
Expansion Card
All computers have Expansion Slots so that we can add an Expansion Card in the future. They are also called PCI (Peripheral Components Interconnect) cards. But nowadays the motherboard already has many slots built in. Names of some Expansion Cards that we can use to update old computers.
Video card
Sound card
Network card
Bluetooth Card (Adapter)
Computer hardware and software
We can call computer hardware any physical device that we use in our computer, whereas computer software means the collection of codes that we install in our machine's Hard Drive to run the hardware.
For example, the computer monitor that we use to navigate, the mouse that we use to navigate, are all computer hardware. At the same time, the Internet Browser with which we visit the website, and the operating system in which that Internet Browser runs. We call such things as software.
We can say that a computer is a combination of software and hardware, both have similar roles, both can work together.
Types Of Computer:-
Whenever we ever hear the use of the word computer, only the picture of personal computer comes into our mind. Let me tell you that there are many types of computers. They come in various shapes and sizes. We use them as per requirement, such as ATM to withdraw money, Scanner to scan a barcode, Calculator to do a big calculation. These are all different types of computers.
1. Desktop:-
Many people use desktop computers for their homes, schools and their personal work. They are designed in such a way that we can keep them on our desk. They have many parts such as Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Computer Case.
2. Laptop:-
You must have known about laptops which are battery powered, they are very portable so that they can be taken anywhere and anytime.
3. Tablet:-
Now let's talk about the Tablet which we also call Handheld Computer because it can be easily caught in handguns.
It does not have Keyboard and Mouse, just a touch sensitive screen which is used for typing and navigation. Example- iPAD.
4. Servers:-
A server is a computer of some sort that we use to exchange information. For example, whenever we search for something in the Internet, all those things are stored in the server.
Other Types Of Computer:-
Now let us know what other types of computers are.
Smartphone:-
When Internet is enabled in a normal cell phone, we can do many tasks using it, then such a cell phone is called a smartphone.
Wearable:-
Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices - including fitness trackers and smartwatches - that are designed so that they can be worn throughout the day. These devices are often called wearables.
Game Console:-
This game console is also a special type of computer that is used to play video games on your TV.
Television:-
TV is also a type of computer which now includes many applications or applications that convert it into Smart Tv. Whereas now you can stream videos from the Internet directly to your TV.
Computer Use - Application of Computer
Where is the computer used? If seen, we have been using computers everywhere in our lives and will continue to do so. It has become a part of us. I have written some of its uses for your information below.
Use of computers in the field of education: They have the biggest hand in education, if a student needs information about something, then with the help of this information becomes available within a few minutes. Research has shown that with the help of computer, the learning performance of any student has increased significantly. Nowadays, sitting at home can be studied with the help of Online Classes.
Health and Medicine: It is a boon for Health and Medicine. With its help, patients are treated very easily nowadays. Nowadays everything has become digital, which makes it very easy to know about the disease and according to that its treatment is also possible. With this operation has also become easy.
Use of computers in the field of science: This is the result of science itself. This makes research very easy. Nowadays a new trend is going on which is also called Collaboratory, so that all the scientists of the world can work together, it does not matter that you have a presence in the country.
Business: It has a huge hand in business to increase productivity and competitiveness. It is mainly used in Marketing, Retailing, Banking, Stock Trading. Due to all the things being digital here, its processing has become very fast. And nowadays more importance is being given to Cashless Transaction.
Recreation and Entertainment: It has become a new hangout for entertainment, talk about anything like Movies, Sports or resturants wherever they are used.
Government: Nowadays Government is also giving more focus on their use. If we talk about Traffic, Tourism, Information & Broadcasting, Education, Aviation, our work in all these places has become very easy.
Defense: Their use in the army has also increased to a great extent. With the help of which our army has become more powerful now. Because nowadays everything is controlled with the help of computer.
There are many places where we use it according to our needs.
benefits of computer
By the way, it will not be wrong to say that computer has made the life of us very comfortable with the help of its incredible speed, accuracy and storage.
With this, the person can save anything whenever he wants and can find anything easily. We can say that a computer is a very versatile machine because it is very flexible in doing its jobs.
But in spite of this we can also say that the computer is a very versatile machine because it is very flexible in doing its work, while these machines also have some important advantages and disadvantages.
Let's know about them.
Advantages Of Computer:-
Multitasking:-
Multitasking is a very big advantage of a computer.
In this, a person can easily calculate multiple tasks, multiple operations, numerical problems in just a few seconds.
Computer can easily calculate in trillion of instructions per second.
Speed:-
Now it is no longer just a calculating device.
Now it has become a very important part of our life.
Its great advantage is its high speed, which helps it to complete any task in a very short time.
In this, all the operations can be done immediately, otherwise it will take a lot of time to do them.
Cost / Stores do large amounts of data:-
This is a low cost solution. Because in this a person can save a large amount of data in a low budget. The use of centralized database can store very high quantity of information, so that the cost can be earned to a great extent.
Accuracy:-
These computers are very accurate about their calculations, their chances of making a mistake are negligible.
Data security:-
Protecting digital data is called data security. Computer protects our digital data from unauthorized users such as cyberattack or access attack.
Disadvantages Of Computer:-
Now let us know about some disadvantages of computer.
Virus and Hacking Attacks:-
Virus is a destructive program and hacking is called unauthorized access in which Owner does not know about you.
These Virus can be easily spread through email attachment, sometimes even by USB, or they can be accessed from your infected websites by your computer.
At the same time, once it reaches your computer, then it ruins your computer.
Online Cyber Crimes:-
Computer and network are used to do these online cyber-crime. At the same time, cyberstalking and identity theft are also covered under these online cyber-crimes.
Decrease in employment opportunity:-
Since the computer is capable of performing many tasks simultaneously, there is a huge loss of employment opportunity.
Therefore, from the banking sector to any governmental sectors, you can see that all the computers are given more importance in the place of people. Therefore, unemployment is only increasing.
Talking about the other disadvantage, it does not have an IQ, it depends on the users at all, it has no feeling, it cannot take any decision by itself.
Computer Architecture:-
By the way, a lot of technological changes are coming in the computer day by day. Every day, it is becoming more affordable and more efficient and more efficient. As the need of the people increases, so will there be more changes in it. Previously it was of a house form, now it is going in our hands.
There will come a time when it will be controlled by our mind. Nowadays scientists are doing more research on optical computer, DNA computer, Neural Computer and Quantum Computer. Along with this, much attention is also being paid to Artificial Intelligence so that it can do its own work smoothly.
